Quick Test Professional
Notes
Automation:
Simulation of any human
work by a system or a tool with minimal intervention is called ~.
NOTE:
100% automation is not
possible. E.g. mixer grinder, fan, etc…
Advantages:
1.)
Faster, saves time.
2.)
Reusable & repeatable.
3.)
Saves time & reduces human effort.
4.)
Accurate, which improves quality. E.g.
soldering of PCB board, lathe machine, etc.
Disadvantages:
1.)
Initial investment is very high.
2.)
Requires more skilled resources.
3.)
Requires constant maintenance.
Latest version of QTP
is QTP11, but we use QTP10. (Linux & UNIX not supported)
Installing
QTP:
Pre-requisites:
1.)
O.S ► XP,Vista, Windows7
2.)
RAM ► Minimum 1GB
3.)
Browser ► IE6,7,8(IE9 not supported)
4.)
HDD Space ► Minimum 1GB in C:\ drive
5.)
Microsoft Script Debugger
6.)
VC++
7.)
.Net Framework
Procedure:
1.)
Double click
2.)
Click
3.)
Restart
4.)
After
5.)
For Windows 7
6.)
After installation
The
QTP main Window has following Sections:
1.)
Menu bar ► where
we can access all the features of QTP.
2.)
Tool bar ► where
we can access frequently used features of QTP.
3.)
Editor window ► where
we write/edit the code, which has two tabs:
Keyword view & Expert view.
4.)
Optional window ► these
are the additional features of QTP such as test flow, data table etc…
Definition: QTP
is a GUI functionality testing Automation Tool; it’s a software which is used
to simulate the verification of GUI objects.
Record
& Playback in QTP:
Step1: open QTP
Step2: goto>automation>select
record(F3)
Step3: perform
operation
Step4: goto>automation>select
stop(F4)
Step5: goto>file>select
save(Ctrl+S)
Step6: goto>automation>select
run(F5)
NOTE:
1.)
QTP Test is always saved as folder.
2.)
If QTP is not recording any operation
then goto automation, select record & run settings, goto windows
application tab select the first radio button,(record & run test on any
open windows based app), then click OK.
3.)
While recording the QTP script ensure
that proper window of the application is opened & it is not minimized.
Keyword
View:
In ~ QTP displays the
recorded script in table format as shown below:
Item
|
Operation
|
Value
|
Documentation
|
Login
|
Activate
|
|
Makes
“Login” dialog box active
|
Agent
Name
|
Set
|
“admin”
|
Enter
“admin” in the “agentname” edit box
|
where,
·
Item represents GUI object.
·
Operation represents the action
performed.
·
Value represents the input.
·
Documentation is the auto generated step
description.
Expert
View:
In ~ script will be
displayed as statements.
E.g.
1: Dialog(“Login”).Activate
2: Dialog(“Login”).WinEdit(“AgentName:”).Set
“admin”
3:
Data
flow diagram of flight reservation:
Q.) How do you invoke
the application using QTP?
A.)We
use Systemutil.run statement to
launch the application.
Systemutil.run
“C:\program files\hp\qtp…”
Systemutil.run
“calc”
Q.) WAS to invoke cmd
prompt using QTP?
Systemutil.run
“cmd”
Q.) WAS to launch Gmail
in default browser?
Q.) WAS to open Google
in IE?
Object identification:
In order to perform
operation on the GUI object, first QTP has to identify the object uniquely for
this QTP uses property values of the object.
NOTE:
Each object has
multiple property value, storing all of them will not only consume space, but
also reduces QTP performance, in order to overcome this QTP stores minimum
property value in a database called object repository. By following object
identification setting which is available under tools menu of QTP.
The object
identification has three different sections:
1) Mandatory
properties.
2) Assistive
properties.
3)
Ordinal identifier.
During recording QTP
will go to mandatory section and reads all the mandatory properties value from
the objects. Then it checks whether it is sufficient or not, if sufficient it
will be stored in object repository, if it is not sufficient then it goes to
assistive properties one by one.
NOTE:
Sufficient
in the sense that no other object has the same properties value in the same
screen or windows.
NOTE:
If
assistive values are also not sufficient then QTP goes to ordinal identifier.
Ordinal identifier
location:
>It’s a sequential
no. (“0, 1, 2…etc”) generated by QTP based on order in which the object appears
on the application.
>This
is given only to number in which we have confusion. When mandatory &
assistive properties are not sufficient, then we go for ordinal identifier.
This is generated by QTP and not by developer. It scans from left corner,
whichever comes first it gives 0 & after that 1.
Object spy:
>It
shows all property developed by developer of any button which we want to see.
It is under the tool menu.
>We
can’t see the ordinal identifier properties in it because it is created by QTP
itself.
NOTE:
1) QTP
goes to ordinal identifier only if mandatory & assistive property value is
not sufficient.
2) Ordinal
identifier values are generated by QTP and not given by developer; hence it
will not be displayed in object spy tool.
3) QTP
will start the scanning from the left top corner of the application. It will
scan every column from left to right pixel by pixel & generate the number
only for the object which is having same mandatory & assistive property
value.
4) While
adding the object to object repository QTP will completely scan the application
& generate location value for all the object which is having same mandatory
& assistive property values. But it will store only the corresponding
location value of the object which we are trying to add.
In the above example if
we try to add last OK button then QTP will scan the entire screen & generate
the location value 0, 1, 2 for 1st, 2nd & last OK
button & then it will store the location value of last OK button that is 2.
5) Ordinal
identifier values are generated by QTP twice one is during recording &
another one is during run time.
Web application example
for location:
i.
Open the notepad, write the following
code save it as mypage.html on the desktop, then close the notepad.
<html>
<body>
<input type=text name=a>
<input type=text name=a>
<input type=text name=a>
<input type=text name=a>
</body>
</html>
ii.
Open QTP go to tools ,select object
identification, then select environment as web, select web edit under test
object classes.
iii.
Uncheck “enable smart identification”
check box, change the “ordinal identifier” to location then click OK.
iv.
Open above created mypage.html in the
internet explorer & maximize it so that textbox will be aligned
horizontally.
v.
Switch to the recording mode & enter
a, b, c, d in to the text boxes & stop the recording.
vi.
For the above operation QTP generates
the following code.
With
Browser("Browser").Page("Page")
.WebEdit("a").Set "a"
.WebEdit("a_2").Set "b"
.WebEdit("a_3").Set "c"
.WebEdit("a_4").Set "d"
End
With
NOTE:
Use
(CTRL+W) to apply the With statement &
Use
(CTRL+SHIFT+W) to remove the With Statement.
vii.
Resize the browser & run the above
QTP script.
E.g.
Recording:
Running:
Q.) Which one is better
either X & Y or location?
A.)
Location is always better than X & Y coordinates because if there is a
change in the pixel then QTP cannot identify the object with X & Y (“it
requires exact match”) but it works with location (because it is relative
position)
NOTE:
If we have X & Y properties
in mandatory or assistive then QTP will go to ordinal identifier (“except for
overlapping objects”)
Ordinal
identifier-index:
It
is the sequential number generated by QTP based on order in which the object
appears in the source code or memory.
E.g.
Open
QTP test, go to tools, object identification select environment as web, then
select webedit, change the ordinal identifier back to index, then click OK.
Switch to recording mode, enter a, b, c, d in to the text boxes present in
mypage.html, stop the recording resize the browser & run the QTP script.
Recording:
Running:
NOTE:
In
above example QTP will enter a, b, c, d in the same text boxes irrespective of
their physical location.
NOTE:
Default
ordinal identifier for most of the windows based objects is location & for
most of the web objects the default ordinal identifier is index.
NOTE:
Only
“browser” object has creation time ordinal identifier in addition to location
& index.
Creation time is the
sequential number (“0, 1, 2…etc”) generated by QTP based on the time in which
the respective browser is invoked.
Q.) How QTP identifies
two send buttons present in Gmail compose page?
A.)
QTP will identify the send buttons present on the Gmail with send &
send_2 as logical name which are having 0 & 1 as their respective
index value.
E.g.
With
Browser(“gmail”).Page(“gmail”)
.WebButton(“send”).Click
.WebButton(“send_2).Click
End
With
Dialog(“login”).Activate
Application
Desc Property
Text:=login
|
Object Repository
■
In the above example dialog is a QTP
object which represent GUI object type which is called as test object.
■
“Login” is the logical name generated by
QTP which is used only to retrieve the property values stored in object
repository.
■
Activate is the operation which is to be
performed on the specified object, it is called as method.
■
Logical name in the script should be
same as the logical name & object repository or else we get a “object not
found in object repository” error.
■
Description properties present in object
repository should be same as the property value in the application or else we
get “cannot identify the object” error.
Q.) What is object spy?
Can we use it to find the index value?
A.)
It is a tool available in QTP which is used to view all the property values of
the required object, which are given by the developer.
Since
ordinal identifier values are given by QTP & not by developer we cannot use
the ‘object spy’ to find the value of any ordinal identifier.
Q.) What is Add-in?
A.) It is the
additional software used by QTP to identify the GUI object which are developed
using specific technology.
NOTE:
When we install the
add-in we will get list of test objects along with their object identification
setting.
Q.) What are build-in
or default add-in available in QTP?
A.) i) Standard windows.
ii) ActiveX
iii) Visual Basic
iv) Web
NOTE:
Standard windows is not
listed in add-in manager window, hence it is also called as “transparent
add-in” which is used to identify the object which are developed using VC++.
Q.) Is VB add-in
required to write VB scripting in QTP?
A.)
No, VB add-in is required only when the application under test (AUT) is
developed using VB programming.
Q.) What the other
technology supported by QTP?
A.)
Delphi, java, .net, oracle(for oracle app), people-soft, power-builder, SAP,
Siebel, stingray, terminal emulator(for mainframe), visual-age, flex,
silver-light, windows mobile, android etc…
Adding
Multiple Objects to Object Repository:
1.)
Open object repository (Ctrl+R), click
add objects then click on the parent object (such as window or browser).
2.)
Click OK on object selection.
3.)
Select all object types in ‘define
object filter’ & click OK
Q.) What is statement completion?
A.) In expert view of
QTP, if we type starting few letters of the statement(e.g. Di) & press
Ctrl+Space, then QTP will automatically complete the statement(e.g.
Dialog).This is called as ~.
NOTE:
To use ~ ensure that
the required objects are added to ‘object repository’ & ensure that
statement completion option is selected, which is available under
Tools->view options.
Eg.
Login code for flight reservation application
With
Dialog("Login")
.winedit("Agent
Name:").set "admin"
.winedit("Password:").set
"mercury"
.winbutton("OK").click
End
With
‘Test
Objects: Dialog,winedit,winbutton
‘Local
Names: Login, Agent Name:, Password:, OK
‘Methods:
Set, click
‘Method
Argument: “admin”, “mercury”
*We
can use Ctrl+M to comment multiple lines & we can use Ctrl+Shift+M to
uncomment multiple lines in QTP.
Sample
QTP code for Web Application:
With
Browser(“Browser”).Page(“Page”)
.webedit(“editbox”).set
“text”
.webcheckbox(“checkbox1”).set
“ON”
.webcheckbox(“checkbox1”).set
“OFF”
.link(“link”).click
.image(“image”).click
.webbutton(“button”).click
.weblist(“list”).select
“ItemName” ‘case
sensitive
.weblist(“list”).select
0 ‘numeric
index
.weblist(“list”).select
“#0” ‘hash
index
.webradiogroup(“RadioGroup”).select
“value1” ‘case sensitive
.webradiogroup(“RadioGroup”).select
“#0”
End
With
‘NOTE: QTP selects the radio
button based on its value & not based on its label, to find value of ‘radio
button get “all items” using object spy.
QTP
script to Login into ActiTime:
With
Browser(“actiTIME – Login”).Page(“actiTIME – Login”)
.webedit(“Username”).set
“admin”
.webedit(“Password”).set
“manager”
.webbutton(“Login”).click
Q.) Write a QTP script
to create ‘project1’ for customer1 in ActiTIME application.
A.)
With Browser(“actiTIME-Add New Project”).Page(“actiTIME-Add New Project”)
.Weblist(“Customer”).select
“Customer1”
.Webedit(“ProjectName”).set
“Project1”
.Webedit(“Project
Desc”).set “Description1”
.WebRadioGroup(“RadioGroup”).select
“#1”
.WebButton(“Create
Project”).click
End With
Q.)
What is the difference between normal & fast run mode.
Normal
|
Fast
|
1.)
Execution marker is displayed.
|
1.)
Not displayed.
|
2.)
We can specify the step delay(milli-sec)
|
2.)
We cannot.
|
3.)
MS Script debugger is required.
|
3.)
Not required.
|
NOTE:
The above options are
available under Tools->Options->Run->Run mode.
Dynamic Object:
The
objects whose property values are changing during runtime are called as dynamic
objects.
E.g.
Fax Order Dialog, inbox link, Gmail subject link, email-id link etc.
*Handling
Dynamic objects using object repository is very tedious, which drastically
increases the maintenance, in order to overcome this limitation we write a
script without using object repository which is called as Descriptive
Programming.
E.g.
If we write a script to check 10 mails & delete it in Gmail & if the
same script we run for next time where inbox has 20 mails then script will not
delete all the 20 mails.
Or
if we run the same script where inbox has only 5 mails then script will check 5
checkboxes & it will throw the error for 6th checkbox.
In the above example
number of checkboxes itself is keep changing, using object repository in this
scenario is also very difficult.
Descriptive
Programming:
The
process of specifying description properties of the object in the program
itself is called as Descriptive Programming.
E.g.
Dialog(“text:=Login”).Activate
NOTE:
Since
we are ‘hard coding’ the property values it is called as Static Descriptive
Programming.
We
can also write Descriptive Programming using descriptions objects as shown
below which is called as “Object Oriented Descriptive Programming”.
E.g.
Set a=Description.Create
a(“text”).value=”Login”
Dialog(a).Activate
Q.)
WAS to close the middle calculator(it can also be a notepad or browser) out of
the three which are opened on desktop.
Window(“text:=calculator”,”
Location:=1”).close
Q.)
WAS to activate the 5 notepads present on the desktop one by one in reverse
order.
For
i=4 to 0 step -1
Window(“nativeclass:=Notepad”,
“Location:=”&i).Activate
Next
Q.)
WAS to close all the five notepads present on the desktop in diagonal order
from top to bottom.
For
i=1 to 5
Window(“nativeclass:=Notepad”,”Location:=0”).close
Next
Q.)
WAS to close all the five notepad present on the desktop diagonally from bottom
to top.
For
i=4 to 0 step -1
Window(“nativeclass:=Notepad”,
“Location:=”&i).close
Next
Q.)
WAS to close all the notepads opened on the desktop.
Do
While Window(“nativeclass:=Notepad”, “Location:=0”).Exist(1)
Window(“nativeclass:=Notepad”,
“Location:=0”).close
Loop
‘Note: if notepad
exists it returns TRUE or else it returns FALSE
Q.)
WAS to close all the browsers opened on the desktop.
NOTE:
If
we use Descriptive Programming for parent object then we cannot use object
repository for child object.
E.g.
‘Invalid
Dialog(“text:=Login”).WinButton(“OK”).click
‘DP->OR
‘Valid
Dialog(“Login”).WinButton(“OK”).click
‘OR->OR
Dialog(“text:=Login”).WinButton(“text:=OK”).click
‘DP->DP
Dialog(“Login”).WinButton(“text:=OK”).click
‘OR->DP
Q.) WA QTP Script to
handle Fax Order Dialog for different orders.
For
i=1 to 5
Window(“FR”).WinMenu(“Menu”).Select
“File;OpenOrder…”
Window(“FR”).Dialog(“OpenOrder”).WincheckBox(“OrderNo”).set
“ON”
Window(“FR”).Dialog(“OpenOrder”).Winedit(“Edit”).set
i
Window(“FR”).Dialog(“OpenOrder”).WinButton(“OK”).click
Window(“FR”).WinMenu(“Menu”).select
“File;FaxOrder…”
Window(“FR”).Dialog(“text:=FaxOrderNo.
”&i).close
Next
Q.) WA descriptive
progg code to Login into ActiTIME application.
With
Browser(“title:=actiTIME-Login”).Page(“title:=actiTIME-Login”)
.WebEdit(“name:=username”).set
“admin”
.WebEdit(“name:=pwd”).set
“manager”
.WebButton(“name:=Login
now”).click
End With
Q.) WA descriptive
progg code to create a project in ActiTIME application.
With
Browser(“name:=actiTIME_Add New Project”).Page(“title:=actiTIME_Add New Project”)
.WebList(“name:=CustomerID”).select
“customer1”
.WebList(“name:=name”).set
“Project1”
.WebRadioGroup(“name:=afterCreateAction”).Select
“#1”
.WebButton(“name:=CreateProject”).click
End With
Q.) What is Regular
Expression?
A.) It is a combination
of wild cards & characters which is used for pattern matching.
NOTE:
In
QTP, we use “.*” to identify dynamic object, which means any character any
number of times.
E.g.
Window(“FR”).Dialog(“text:=FaxOrderNo.*).close
Q.) WAS to click to
click on “inbox” link present in Gmail?
Browser(“name:=gmail”).Page(“title:=gmail”).Link(“name:=Inbox.*).click
Q.) WAS to logout from
any ActiTIME page.
Browser(“name:=actiTIME.*”).Page(“title:=actiTIME.*”).Image(“alt:=Logout”).click
‘Use of .* -> code
will be generic(reusable) & it also reduces length.
NOTE:
We can use Regular
Expression only for property value
& not for property name.
Q.) When we can’t use
Regular Expression?(Limitations)
A.)
If there are multiple objects which are having similar property values
displayed on the application at the same time then we can’t use R.E, because
QTP can perform the operation only when it identifies the object uniquely, so
if more than one object is matching with the specified R.E then QTP will
display the following error message:
E.g.
For
Inbox link we can use R.E because it is only one link but its property value is
changing.
For checkboxes present
in Gmail we can’t use R.E. If we have multiple objects then we go for dynamic
descriptive programming.
Handling
Multiple Objects using dynamic descriptive programming:
Child
Objects: This method will retrieve all the child objects present in given
parent object.
E.g.
QTP script to count
& highlight all the objects present in “Login Dialog”
Set
a=Dialog(“text:=Login”).ChildObjects
msgbox
a.count
For
i=0 to a.count-1
a(i).Highlight
Next
Q.) WAS to count number
of objects present on calculator.
A.)
set a=Window(“text:=calc.*”).ChildObjects
msgbox a.count
Q.) WAS to count number
of objects present on the web page.
Set
a=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*).ChildObjects
msgbox a.count
NOTE:
By
default ChildObjects method will retrieve all the objects presents in given
parent object, in order to get only required type of object we have to specify
the filter name condition with the help of description object as shown below:
Set
d=Description.Create ‘Create
Description Object
d(“Class
Name”).Value=”WinEdit” ‘Specify
condition
Set
a=Dialog(“text:=Login”).ChildObjects(d) ‘Pass
it to child Object method
For
i=0 to a.count-1
a(i).Highlight
Next
‘Note: ChildObjects
takes only Description Object as argument & it is optional.
Q.) WAS to count number
of buttons present on Calculator.
Set
d=Description.Create
D(“Class
Name”).Value=“WinButton”
Set
a=Window(“text:=calc.*”).ChildObjects(d)
msgbox a.count
Q.)
WAS to count number of links present on given web page?
NOTE:
Use
“micclass” instead of “classname” while writing descriptive programming code
for web application.
Mic
stands for “Mercury Interactive Constant”
Set
d=Description.Create
d(“micclass”).Value=“Link”
set
a=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).ChildObjects(d)
msgbox a.count
Q.) WAS to count the
number of buttons present on given web page.
Set
d=Descriptive.Create
d(“micclass”).Value=“WebButton”
Set
a=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).ChildObjects(d)
msgbox a.count
Q.) WAS to enter user
specified input into all the text boxes present in a web page.
Input=inputbox(“input?”)
Set
d=Description.Create
d(“micclass”).Value=“WebEdit”
Set
a=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).ChildObjects(d)
For
i=0 to a.count-1
a(i).set
input
Next
Q.) WAS to
select(check) all the checkboxes present on given webpage.
Set
d=Description.Create
d(“micclass”).Value=“WebCheckbox”
Set
a=Browser(“title:=acti.*).Page(“title:=acti.*”).ChildObjects(d)
For
i=0 to a.count-1
a(i).set
“ON”
Next
NOTE:
While writing script
for Web application it is mandatory to include the “Webtable” present in
hierarchy of the object.
Q.) WAS to highlight
the WebTable inside browser?
1.)
Browser(“title:=acti:*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebTable(“name:=All”).Highlight
2.)
Browser(“title:=acti:*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebTable(“text:=TaskName.*”).Highlight
Accessing
or getting the object present inside the WebTable:
In
order to retrieve the object present inside required cell of a “WebTable” we
use “ChildItem” method which takes row,column,micclass,index as mandatory
argument where row & column are numeric inputs which starts from 1,
“micclass” in string input.
“Index”
is numeric input which starts from 0
E.g. WebTable1
In
order to access “text1” present inside the “WebTable1” we need to pass
following values as argument for “ChildItem” method.
Text1:
1,1, “WebEdit”,0
Similarly
for “Text3” we should pass 1,2, “WebEdit”, 1
&
for “link1” 2,2, “link”,0
E.g.
QTP script to click on
“All” link present in customer table of ActiTIME application:
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*).WebTable(“name:=All”).ChildItem(1,6,
“Link”,0).Click
Q.) WAS to check/select
all the checkboxes present in customer table of ActiTIME in reverse order.
Set
T=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebTable(“name:=All”)
Rc=T.Rowcount
For
i=rc to 2 step -1
T.ChildItem(i,6,
“WebCheckBox”,0).Set “ON”
Next
Q.) WAS to select
billing type as billable in all the list boxes of AddnewTaskTable of ActiTIME.
Set
T=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebTable(“text:=TaskName.*”)
Rc=T.RowCount
For
i=2 to rc
T.ChildItem(i,3,
“WEbList”,0).Select “billable”
Next
Q.) WAS to select two
items “billable & free” alternatively in the listboxes present in addnew
Task of the ActiTIME.
Set
T=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebTable(“text:=TaskName.*”)
Rc=T.RowCount
For
i=2 to rc Step 2
T.ChildItem(i,3,
“WebList”,0).Select “Billable”
Next
For
i=3 to rc Step 2
T.ChildItem(i,3,
“WebList”,0).Select “Free”
Next
‘Write the above code
using single for loop
Smart
Identification:
It’s
an alternative mechanism used by QTP during Runtime only when QTP is not able
to identify the object using description properties stored in object
Repository.
NOTE:
1.) Smart
identification is used only during runtime.
2.) Smart
identification is used only iff description properties are not sufficient
during runtime.
3.)
If smart identification is disabled or
not sufficient then only QTP goes to ordinal identifier. Tools->object
identifier->Winbutton
Enabling
& Configuring Smart Identification:
Goto->
tools->object identification, Select WinButton
Check
“enable smart identification” check box
Click
configure, add required properties to Base filter & optional Filter
property section
E.g.
Base
Filter Properties Option Filter
Properties
|
Optional
Filter Properties
|
Nativeclass(button)
|
Abs_y(422)
|
|
Enabled(-1)
|
Then
Click “OK” twice.
During
“Runtime” QTP will always try to identify the object using description
properties, if it is not sufficient then QTP goes to smart identification. In
smart identification, first it uses base filter properties to identify the
object. If it is not sufficient the nit goes to optional filter properties one
by one.
Even if optional filter
is not sufficient then QTP goes to ordinal identifier.
NOTE:
If
the property value is not matching with any of the object then QTP will skip
the respective property itself in smart identification.
NOTE:
If QTP is able to
identify the object uniquely then “it ignores” the remaining properties of
smart identification.
Q.) What are the
limitations of smart identification?
1.)
Its mandatory to use object repository so it consumes time for maintaining multiple
objects.
2.)
We can’t edit smart identification property value in object repository, every
time we must delete & read the object, which again consumes time.
3.)
Smart identification configuration need to be done by individual object
separately which is also time consuming.
4.) To handle dynamic
object we always go for descriptive programming.
Q.) WAS to check or
select the checkbox of specified customer table of actiTIME application?
eCN=inputbox(“CustomerName?”)
Set
T=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebTable(“name:=All”)
Rc=T.RowCount
For
i=1 to rc
CN=Trim(T.GetCellData(i,1))
If
CN=eCN then
T.ChildItem(i,6,
“WebCheckBox”,0).Set “ON”
Exit
for
End
if
Next
Q.) What is debugging?
& how do we debug QTP script?
A.) Process of
executing the script step by step in order to detect the “bug”(to find the
error) is called as “debugging”. In order to debug QTP script we use “F11”
NOTE:
Debugging is also done
to understand the logic of the code. While debugging we use variables tab of
debug viewer which will display the value of the variable.
Validation using QTP:
It
is not just sufficient to perform the specified operation by entering required
input. When we say testing it is also important to perform validation, which
involves following steps:
1.) Get
the expected value.
2.) Get
actual value.
3.) Compare
expected & actual value.
4.) Report
the status (pass or fail).
We use variable to
store expected & actual values, then we may use “if statement” to compare
them, then we may use “msgbox” or “print” statement to display the status.
Getting the actual
value:
To
retrieve the actual value from the application during run time, we use “GetRO
Property”. e.g
Dim
Ev,Av,Status
Ev=
“admin”
Av=
Dialog(“text:=login”).WinEdit(“attached text:=Agent
Name:”).GetROProperty(“text”)
If
Av=Ev then
Status=
“Pass”
Else
Status=
“Fail”
End
if
Msgbox status
NOTE:
1.) “GetROProperty”
method is used to get “Runtime object” property value, which takes property
name as input & returns its value during runtime.
2.)
It can return only one property value at
a time & property name must be always given between “ ” double quotes.
Q.) WAS to verify that
we can’t maximize the calculator?
Ev=False
Av=Window("text:=calc.*").GetROProperty("maximizable")
If
Av=Ev Then
Status="Pass:We cant maximize
calc"
else
Status="Fail:We can Maximize
calc"
End
If
msgbox status
Q.) WAS to verify that
we can maximize the notepad?
maximizable=Window("nativeclass:=notepad").GetROProperty("maximizable")
If
maximizable Then
Status="Pass:We can maximize
notepad"
else
Status="Pass:We cant maximize
notepad"
End
If
msgbox
Status
Login Function for
ActiTIME:
>Function(UserName,
Password)
Systemutil.Run
"iexplore","http://127.0.0.1/login.do"
With
Browser("title:=acti.*).Page("title:=acti.*)
.WebEdit("name:=useraname").Set
usename
.WebEdit("name:=pwd").Set
Password
.WebButton("name:=Loginnow").Click
End
With
End
function
>Call
Login("admin","manager")
eTitle="actiTIME-OpenTasks"
aTitle=Browser("title:=acti.*).GetROProperty("title")
If
aTitle=eTitle Then
Status="Pass"
else
Status="Fail"
End
If
Msgbox
Status
Tools->Options->Run->view
result->Automation->Results
Q.) What are the
disadvantages of “msgbox” & “print” statements? & how do we overcome
it?
A.)
“msgbox” statement requires manual intervention & info displayed will
vanish after clicking on “OK” button of msgbox.
“Print”
is a QTP statement which will write the info into QTP print log which donot
require any manual intervention but the info will vanish if we close the print
log.
To
overcome the above limitation we will write the result into QTP Result window,
which don’t require any manual intervention & info is stored permanently.
In
order to do this we use “Reporter.ReportEvent” statement which takes event
status(Es), Reporter Step Name(RSN) and details as argument.
ü Where
“EventStatus” is a QTP constant & possible values are
micPass(0)
micPass(1)
micPass(2)
micPass(3)
ü “ReporterStepName”
& “details” message are string inputs.
ü Mic
stands for “mercury interactive constant”
ü If
the verification is successful we use micpass or 0, which will report the info
as passed with Green checkmark.
ü If
the verification is failed we use micfail or 1, which will report the status as
fail, indicated by Red Cross mark.
ü To
write additional info we use micdone or 2, which donot have any symbol.
ü To
report error handling we use micWarning, which will be reported with Orange
Exclamation(!) mark.
E.g.
Call
login("admin","manager")
eTitle="actiTIME-OpenTasks"
aTitle=Browser("title:=acti.*).GetROProperty("title")
If
aTitle=eTitle then
Reporter.ReportEvent
micPass, “login”, “login is successful”
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent
micfail, “login”, “login is failed”
End If
Q.) How to make QTP to
display Result window automatically after the script execution?
A.) Goto Tools->
Options-> Run-> check the ->“view results when Run session ends”->
Click apply & OK.
Q.) What is
synchronization & how do we synchronize QTP script?
A.)
Process of matching QTP execution speed with application is called as
“synchronization”
We
can synchronize the QTP script by using “Wait” statement.
E.g.
Script to capture newly generated orderno.
Call
InsertOrder()
Wait
10 ‘makes the QTP to wait for 10
seconds
New
OrderNo.=Window(“FR”).WinEdit(“OrderNo:”).GetROProperty(“text”)
Msgbox NewOrderNo
NOTE:
To
synchronize QTP script we can use “Wait” statements but it always makes the QTP
to wait for specified amount of “seconds” exactly.
In
order to make the QTP to wait till specific operation is completed, we have to
use “synchronization point” available under insert menu.
E.g.
Call
InsertOrder()
Window(“FR”).WinButton(“InsertOrder”).WaitProperty
“enabled”, False, 20000
NewOrder=Window(“FR”).WinEdit(“OrderNo:”).GetROProperty(“text”)
Msgbox
NewOrder
ü The
Synchronization point is the “wait property” method which takes three(3)
arguments:
PropertyName, PropertyValue,
Timeout in milliseconds.
ü The
default value for timeout is 1000 milliseconds(10 seconds)
File->Settings->Run->Object
Synchronization timeout=20seconds
ü The
timeout is optional, if it is not specified then it takes object
synchronization timeout, which is available under
File->Settings->Run
(Its default value is 20sec)
This is called as
Global Timeout.
ü In
the above e.g. after performing insert order the synchronization point makes
the QTP to wait till “enabled” property of insert order button becomes “False”
within the timeout.
Exists --> VBS
Exist --> QTP
|
Q.) WAS to verify that
error msg is displayed for invalid login for ActiTIME application?
Dim
MsgExist, errMsg, ErrObj
Call
Login(“abc”, “abc”)
Set
ErrObj=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebElement(“Class:=errormsg”,
“Index:=0”)
MsgExist=ErrObj.Exit(3)
If
MsgExist then
errMsg=ErrObj.GetROProperty(“innertext”)
Reporter.ReporterEvent
micPass, “Invalid Login”, errMsg
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent
micFail, “Invalid Login”, “Error Msg is not displayed”
End if
Q.) WA function to
verify the error msg(1st) displayed in any ActiTIME page?
Function
Verify ErrMsg()
Set
ErrObj=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebElement(“Class:=errmsg”,
“index:=0”)
MsgExist=ErrObj.Exist(3)
If
MsgExist then
errMsg=ErrObj.GetROProperty(“innertext”)
Reporter.ReportEvent
micPass, “VerifyErr”, errMsg
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent
micFail, “VerifyErr”, “No ErrMsg”
End
if
End Function
Q.) WAS to verify
“success message” displayed in any ActiTIME page?
A.)
Function Verify SuccessMsg()
Set
SuccessObj=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebElement(“Class:= Successmsg”,
“index:=0”)
MsgExist=SuccessObj.Exist(3)
If
MsgExist then
SMsg=SuccessObj.GetROProperty(“innertext”)
Reporter.ReportEvent
micPass, “VerifySuccessMsg”, SMsg
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent
micFail, “VerifySuccessMsg”, “No SuccessMsg”
End
if
End Function
ü In
the above function “SucessObj” is the user defined object which represents any
success Msg present in any ActiTIME page of type “WebElement”.
ü “Exist”
wll check whether the success object is present in the application or not, if
it is present it returns “TRUE” , if it is not present it returns “FALSE” after
the timeout(in this e.g. 3 seconds). The returned value will be stored in a
user defined variable “MsgExist”.
ü If
“MsgExist” is “TRUE” then control will go inside the “if” part where the
success msg text(innertext) will be captured using GetROProperty method, which
will be stored in another user defined variable “SMsg” which will be reported
into QTP result window with passed status.
ü If
“MsgExist” is “FALSE” then control goes to else part where we are reporting
that there is no success msg with status as “Fail”.
Q.) WAS to display all
the items present in a WebList one by one in reverse order?
a=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.WebList(“name:=customerId”).GetROProperty(“all
items”)
b=Split(a,
“;”)
For
i=ubound(b) to 0 step -1
Print
b(i)
Next
NOTE : a is a variable and b is a dynamic array.
Q.) WAS to display all
the items present in a weblist one by one in reverse order without using
“Split” function?
Set
L=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.WebList(“name:=customerId”)
ic=L.GetROProperty(“items
count”)
for
i=ic to i step -1
print
L.GetItem(i)
Next
NOTE: L is object and ic is variable.
Q.)
WAS to display the last item of a WebList?
Set
L=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.WebList(“name:=customerId”)
ic=L.GetROProperty(“items
count”)
print
L.GetItem(ic)
‘Note: for GetItem
method index starts from 1.
Q.) WAS to search for a
required item in a WebList?
eItem=
“IBM”
Msg=
“Not Found”
Set
L=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.WebList(“name:=customerId”)
ic=L.GetROProperty(“items
count”)
for
i=1 to ic
aItem=L.GetItem(i)
If
aItem=eItem then
Msg=
“Found”
Exit
For
End If
Q.)WAS to verify that
Popup dialog is displayed when we ‘click’ on delete customer button in ActiTIME
application?
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.WebButton(“name:=Delete
This Customer”).Click
DialogExist=Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Dialog(“text:=Microsoft
Internet Explorer”).Exist(3)
If
DialogExist then
Reporter.ReportEvent
micPass, “VerifyPopup”, “Popup is displayed”
Else
Reporter.ReportEvent
micFail, “VerifyPopup”, “Popup is not displayed”
End if
Q.) What is check point
& what are its types?
A.)
It is the built-in option available in QTP to perform verification & we
have 8 types of check points:
1) Standard
2) Text
3) Text
Area
4) Bitmap
5) Database
6) Accessibility
7) XML
Checkpoint(from app)
8)
XML Checkpoint(from resource)
Q.) How do you insert
checkpoint?
A.)
Switch to recording mode
Goto->
insert-> checkpoint-> select the required type of checkpoint
Such
as standard checkpoint, then click on the required object in the application
Click
OK on object selection, Click OK on checkpoint properties
Stop
recording.
E.g.
Window(“Calculator”).Check checkpoint(“Calculator”)
Q.) What are the
limitations of check point & why we don’t use check points?
1.) To
insert checkpoint we will switch to recording mode & the check points are
stored in object repository.
2.) Using
a check point we can verify property value of only one object i.e. if we have
multiple objects, we have to check multiple check points which increases the
maintenance.
3.) Using
check points we can’t verify all the properties values e.g. we can’t verify
maximizable property.
4.) Using
check point we can’t search the item.
5.) Using
check point we can’t verify whether an object is exist or not.
6.) We
can’t customize the check point results.
To overcome limitations
of check point we use GetROProperty method & Reporter.ReportEvent to
perform the validation which is called as user defined check point.
Q.) How do you Export
the QTP result?
A.)
Goto->Automation->select the file type(HTML,DOC,PDF)-> click OK->
specify the name-> click save.
Action:
Action
is an entity which is used to group logically related set of statements (it is
similar to functions)
NOTE:
1) Every
QTP test contains one or more actions.
2) To
create a new actions goto->insert->call to new action->click OK.
3) To
rename the action, select the required action & press “shift+F2”.
4) To
delete the action, select it & press delete.
5) If
we delete all the actions, then QTP will automatically create a new blank
action after displaying the warning message.
6) The
order in which actions gets executed is called as test flow & we can change
it by dragging & dropping the action.
7) We
can drag and drop any action to any location but it works only iff the test
flow is as per the functionality of the application.
8) In
the keyword view we can see all the actions at a time & they are listed
based on the test flow, which we can change it using drag n drop option.
9) In
expert view we can view only one action at a time & they are listed in
alphabetical order & we can’t change the test flow.
10) QTP
will always execute the script based on the test flow even if we are in expert
view.
ü Every
action has its own object repository called as “local object repository” (LOR).
ü Objects
present in “LOR” can be accessible only by respective action & not by any
other action.
Q.) What is the
disadvantage of LOR?
A.)
Redundancy i.e. same objects will be present in multiple LOR which will not
only consume space but also increases maintenance.
NOTE:
To overcome the above
limitation we can go for “shared object repository”.
Shared Object
Repository:
It
is the centralized object repository which can be shared by multiple actions
Steps
to create “SOR”:
1.) Goto
resources & select “object repository manager” (Alt+R+R).
2.) Click
on add objects then click on required object in the application, click OK on
object selection.
3.) Save
the “SOR” at required location(Ctrl+S)
NOTE:
“SOR” will be saved
with .tsr(test shared repository) as the file name extension.
Steps to Associate
“SOR”:
1.) Goto
resources & select “associate repositories” (Alt+R+E).
2.) Click
add repository (+) browse & select the required .tsr file then click open.
3.) Move
the actions from available actions to associated actions then click OK.
NOTE:
Object repository window (Ctrl+R) can be display not
only the local object but also the shared objects but we can edit only the
local objects & not the shared objects (shared objects are displayed in
grayed out color).
ü In
order to edit “SOR” we have to open it in object repository manager then we
have to select “enable editing” option available under file menu of object
repository manager.
Q.) If the same object is present
in “LOR” & “SOR” then QTP uses which object?
A.) QTP uses object present in “LOR”.
Q.) How do we export/convert “LOR”
into “SOR”?
A.) open object repository (Ctrl+R), then goto file,
select export local object, specify the name & click save.
Q.) How do we merge the “shared
object repositories”?
A.)
To do this, goto resources, select “object repository manager”(Alt+R+R), then
goto tools, select “object repository merge tool” , specify the complete path
of primary & secondary “SOR” files, then click OK.
Close
the statistics window & save a newly merged SOR (Ctrl+S).
NOTE:
We
can merge only two “SOR” at a time & when merge it, a new file will be
created, and original file will not be modified.
Q.) What are the types of conflicts
that occur while merging the “SOR”?
A.)
There 3 types of conflicts:
i.
Similar description conflicts.
ii.
Same name different description
conflicts.
iii.
Same description different name conflicts.
Q.) What are the advantages of
action/function?
A.)
i.
Reduces the number of lines of code
& space.
ii.
Reduces the maintenance (single point
updation).
iii.
Reusability, which saves time.
Q.) What is nested action & how
to create it?
A.)
Action present inside the other action is called as nested action.
To
create an nested action (child action), first select the required action, then
go to insert call to new action, select the location as “After the current
step” then click OK.
NOTE:
To copy-paste an action we can use “call to copy of
action” but it will not only consume space, but it also increases maintenance
instead of copy-pasting, it is better to “call the existing action”.
Q.) What is external action?
A.) The action called from a different test is called
as external action.
NOTE:
Action
present within the same test is called as internal action.
ü The
actions which can be called multiple times are called as reusable action, which
is indicated by reusable action checkbox, present in action properties window.
ü If
the checkbox is uncheck we can’t call that action multiple, which is called as
non reusable action.
NOTE:
External
action are always reusable, but internal actions can be reusable or non
reusable.
NOTE:
External actions are always “read-only”.
Q.) Can we create nested action for
external action?
A.)
No, because it’s read-only.
NOTE:
For
external actions we can’t change the code, we can’t modify the local object
repository, we can’t record.
To do any changes we open it from the original test.
Q.) What are the types of actions
available in QTP?
A.)
i.
Reusable - nonreusable.
ii.
Internal – external.
iii.
Independent - nested.
Parameterization:
Replacing hard coded
values by parameters which takes the value from external source such as text
file, csv file, excel file etc is called as ~.
Q.)
WAS to login into ActiTIME app by taking the UN & PWD from the text file.
A.) ‘Precondition:
There should be login.txt file in your system(d:\ or any drive)
Set
fso=create object(“Scripting. File System Object”)
Set
F=fso.open Text File(“d:\login.txt”)
UN=F.readline
PWD=F.readline
F.close
Call
login(UN,PWD)
Q.) WAS to login into ActiTIME app
by taking the UN & PWD from csv file.
A.)
‘Precondition: There should be login.csv file in your system(d:\ or any drive)
Set
fso=create object(“Scripting. File System Object”)
Set
F=fso.open Text File(“d:\login.csv”)
a=F.readline
b=split(a,”,”)
UN=b(0)
PWD=b(1)
F.close
Call
login(UN,PWD)
Q.) WAS to login into ActiTIME app
by taking the UN & PWD from excel file.
A.) ‘Precondition:
There should be login.xlsx file in your system(d:\ or any drive)
Set
xl=create object(“excel.application”)
Set
wb=xl.workBooks.open(“D:\login.xlsx”)
Set
ws=wb.worksheets(1)
UN=ws.cells(1,”A”).value
PWD=
ws.cells(1,2).value
wb.close
xl.quit
Call login(UN,PWD)
Q.)
WAS to create multiple customer in ActiTIME app by taking the data from excel
file.
A.) Function
createCustomer(cname,cdescription,cRadioValue)
With
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.WebEdit(“name:=name”).set
cname
.WebEdit(“name:=description”).set
cdescription
.WebRadioGroup(“name:=after
createAction”).select CRadiovalue
.WebButton(“name:=create
customer”).click
End
with
End
Function
Precondition: There
should be customers.xlsx file in d:\
Set
xl=create object(“Excel.Application”)
Set
wb=xl.workbooks.open(“D:\customers.xlsx”)
Set
ws=.wb.worksheets(1)
RC=ws.usedrange.Rows.Count
For
i=2 to RC
CN=ws.cells(i,1).value
CD=
ws.cells(i,2).value
CRB=
ws.cells(i,3).value
Call
create customer(CN,CD,CRB)
Next
Wb.close
xl.quit
Q.) WAP to create multiple projects
in ActiTIME application by taking data from excel file.
Data
Table:
It is a built-in excel
file available with every QTP test which is used to perform “data driven testing” i.e testing the application
with multiple sets of data.
NOTE:
Every
QTP test has built-in excel file which is called as “data table” & to use
the data table MS office excel s/w is not required.
“data
table” has two types of sheets i) Global ii) Action also called as local
sheets.
“data
table” contains only one global sheet & data present in global sheet can be
accessible by all the Actions.
No.
of local sheets will be same as no. of Actions in the test & data present
in local sheet can be accessible only by respective Action.
If
we create an excel the local sheet will be created , if we rename the Action
local sheet gets renamed, if we delete the action local sheet gets deleted.
We
should always start entering the data from the first row-first column & we
should continue in sequential order both in row & column wise.
The
row in which data is present are called as “Action Rows” (highlighted rows)
To
rename the column “double click it” specify the new name & click OK, each
columns are also called as data table parameters.
Just
pressing delete will make the cell content as empty but the row still remains
active, in order to delete the active row, select the entire row & press
“Ctrl+K”.
We
can also delete the entire column using “Ctrl+K”.
To
read the data from data table we have to use the following syntax:
Variable=DataTable(“columnName”,sheetID) where, sheetID can be dtGlobal sheet
or dtLocal sheet. If we don’t specify the sheetID, then QTP reas the data from
Global sheet.
Column
name is CASE sensitive.
Eg: to read data from
both global & local sheet by multiple Actions.
Step1: Open new QTP
test & create another action(Action2)
Step2:
Goto->view->data table and enter the values into data table as shown
below:
Data
Table
A B C
Qspiders
|
Bangalore
|
Pune
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Global
|
Action1
|
Action2
|
Sheet1 Sheet2 Sheet3
Step3: Write the
following code in both Action1 & Action2.
G=DataTable(“A”,dtGlobalSheet)
L=DataTable(“A”,dtLocalSheet)
msgbox G&L
|
If we run the above
script we get the output as:
by Action1 by Action2
Test
Iterations:
If the data is present
in Global sheet then QTP executes the script by taking the data present in all
the rows of Global sheet one by one, this is called as ~.
In order to change this
:
Goto->file->settings->run->select
the required option under data table iteration option, which has got following
three option:
i.)
Run one iteration only: execute the
script by taking the data from first row.
ii.)
Run on all rows: execute the script by
taking the data from all the rows.
iii.)
Run from row: execute the script by
taking the data from specified range.
NOTE:
Default
test iteration setting is “Run on all rows” & using these built-in option
we can’t execute the script by taking the data in reverse order or we can’t
skip the rows in between, this is possible only by writing code.
Q.)
WAS to print data present in Global sheet in reverse order.
A.) rc=DataTable.GetRowCount ‘Get Active Row
Count from global sheet
For
i=rc to 1 step -1
DataTable.SetCurrentRow
i ‘Set the current row to i in data table
print
DataTable(“A”) ‘Print the value
Next
‘Note:
Test iteration setting should be “Run one iteration only”
Q.) WAS to print the values present
in alternative rows(odd values) of Global sheet.
A.)
rc=DataTable.GetRowCount
For
i=1 to rc step 2
DataTable.SetCurrentRow
i
print
DataTable(“A”)
Next
Action Iteration:
If the data is present
in local sheet, by default the QTP executes the Action only one time by taking
the data present in 1st row of local sheet, this is called ~.
In order to change
this:
Goto->keyword
view->select-> test flow or
Goto->view->select
->test flow, then right click on respective action->select “Action call
properties”-> select the required option under data table iteration section
& click OK.
NOTE:
Here
also we have same three options, but the default setting is “Run one iteration
only”.
Q.)
WAS to print the data present in alternative rows of local sheet in reverse
order.
A.)
rc=DataTable.LocalSheet.GetRowCount
For
i=rc to step -2
DataTable.SetCurrentRow
i
Print
DataTable(“A”,dtLocalSheet)
Next
When
we create a “nested action ” we get “run action statement” in the parent action
which has two argument:
i.)
Action Name
ii.)
Action Iteration
Action Iteration can be
“one iteration” or “all iteration” or “range”(“starting value-ending value”)
Q.)
WA QTP script to Login, Open the order & Logout with multiple inputs.
Step1: Open new QTP
test & create two Actions as “nested” for Action1.
Step2: Rename the
Action as Login, Open order & Logout as shown above in 2nd
figure
Step3: Select the Login
Action & record Login related operations.
Select the Open Order Action & record Open Order
related related operations.
Select the Logout Action & record Logout related
operations.
Stop the recording.
Step4: Open the data
table & enter the values into the data table as shown below:
|
AN
|
PWD
|
Order Number
|
|
admin
|
mercury
|
1
|
manager
|
mercury
|
2
|
guest
|
mercury
|
3
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
10
|
Global
Login Open Order Logout
Step5: Replace the hard
coded values present in login & open order action by respective data table
parameter.
Eg: System UtilRun
“C:\program files\HP\QTP\Samples\Flight\application”
Login
Dialog(“Login”).WinEdit(“Agent
Name:”).Set DataTable(“AN”,dtlocalsheet)
Dialog(“Login”).WinEdit(“Password:”).Set
DataTable(“PWD”,dtlocalsheet)
Dialog(“Login”).WinButton(“OK”).Click
RunAction”OpenOrder”,allIterations
RunAction”Logout”,oneIterations
Open Order
Window(“FR”).Dialog(“Open
Order”).WinEdit(“Edit”).Set DataTable(“Order No”,dtlocalsheet)
In Test Flow change the
Action Iteration setting of both login & open order Actions to “Run on all
rows”.
Q.)
WA QTP script to login ,insert new order, logout in multiple inputs.
Q.)
How do we take data from database?
A.) We can take data
fom database into data table sheets using DSN(data source name):
Step1:
Goto->views->select data table & goto the required sheet,global or
local Right click on the data table,select ->sheet->import->From
database,click next & Ok, Select the
required DSN from the list(eg QT_flight32), click Ok, move the required table
to the right side,click next, if
required specify the filter data condition,click next, if required select
the sort order, click next, Finish.
Error
Handling:
During runtime,if Vb
script or QTP encounters any error then they will display the pop-up error
message & haults the script execution, “in order to continue” the script
execution first we should suppress the runtime error message displayed by QTP
or VBScript & then take necessary action to continue the script execution
with proper output.
To suppress the error
message we use “On Error Resume Next” & to detect whether error is occurred
or not, we can use “Err.Number” statement which returns 0,there is no runtime
error or else it returns non-zero value.
Eg: VB Script to handle
divide by Zero(0) error.
On
Error Resume Next
Dim=a,
b, c
a=12
b=0
c=a/b
If
Err.Number=0 then
Print
c
Else
Print
Err.Description
End if
Handling Item not found
error using “On Error Resume Next” while performing insert order operation.
Eg:
On Error Resume Next
Window
(“FR”).WinMenu(“Menu”).Select “File;NewOrder”
Window(“FR”).ActiveX(“MaskEdBox”).Type
121212
Window(“FR”).WinComboBox(“Fly
From:”).Select “Londn”
If
Err.Number<>0 Then
Window(“FR”).WinComboBox(“Fly
From:”).Select 0
End
If
In
the above example we are suppressing the error message using “On Error Resume
Next” & after performing select operation with the specified input we are
checking whether error is occurred or not i.e if error number is other than 0
then we are making the QTP to select the first item in the list & continue
the script execution.
Limitations of VB
Script Error Handling Options:
1.) We
should write “On Error Resume Next” statement at the beginning of every script.
2.) We
should know the exact line number where error is occurred.
3.) The
error handling code will drastically increase the script length.
To
overcome this limitation we can use “Recovery Scenario Manager” which is an
option available in QTP.
Recovery Scenario
Manager(RSM):
It
is a built-in option available in QTP, which is used to handle the runtime
errors.
During
runtime when QTP starts performing the operations on the application, the “RSM”
will start monitoring the QTP for any errors parallel.
If
QTP encounters any error then RSM will detect it & takes the control by not
allowing the QTP to display the error message & this process is called as
”Trigger Event”.
Then
RSM will perform specified operation to handle the error which is called as
“Recovery Operation”(RO).
After
handling the error the control will be transferred back to QTP to continue
script execution, this process is called as “Post Recovery Operation”(PRO).
QTP RSM
App TE
PRO RO
TE->Trigger
Error(Detect Error)
RO->Recovery
Operation(Handle Error)
PRO->Post
Recovery Operation(Transfer Control to QTP)
NOTE:
RSM
has following four trigger events
1.) Pop-up
window.(of the application)
2.) Object
state.(object disable)
3.) Test
run-error.(any runtime error displayed by QTP)
4.) Application
crash.
Recovery Operation:
RSM
has following four recovery operations:
1.) Keyboard
or mouse operation: which is used to perform any click or type operation.
2.) Close
application process: used to kill the task present in task manager.
3.) Function
call: can be used to perform set of operations by calling the user defined
functions.
4.) Restart
MS Windows: can be used to restart the O.S & RSM can automatically continue
the script execution after restarting the O.S
Post Recovery
Operation:
RSM
has six PRO as follows:
1.) Repeat
current step & continue.
2.) Proceed
to next step.
3.) Proceed
to next Action or Component iteration.
4.) Proceed
to next Test Iteration.
5.) Restart
the current test run.
6.) Stop
the test run.
Handling Update error
using RSM:
Step1:
Open new QTP test & record the following operations of Flight Reservation
application.
A. Login
B. Open
Order No1
C. Change
the name & click update order
D. Logout
Step2:
Run the above script.
NOTE:
During
runtime QTP changes the name of order no1 & clicks update button, but
application will display update error message because previous value & new
value are same
In
order to handle this pop-up error message, we create RSM with following
options:
1.) Pop-up
window as trigger event.
2.) Keyboard
operation as recovery operations.
3.) Repeat
the current step as PRO.
Steps to create
Recovery Scenario:
1.) Goto->resourced->recovery
scenario manager(ALT+R+S)
2.) Click
new scenario->select pop-up window as trigger event->click next.
3.) Click
on spy button->click on update error message->click next.
4.) Select
keyboard/mouse operation, click next, select click Default button/Press enter
key.
5.) Uncheck
Add another recovery operation checkbox, click next.
6.) Select
repeat current step& continue as Post Recovery operation, click next,
Specify the scenario name, select add scenario to current test checkbox, click
finish, save the Recovery Scenario at
the required location.
NOTE:
Recovery
scenario will be saved with .QRS (QTP recovery scenario) extension.
We
can also associate Recovery Scenario to any required test in
file->settings->Recovery Tab, click add(+) browse & select required
QRS file ,Click open then click add scenario then click apply & OK.
If
Recovery Scenario is activated during runtime then it will be reported in QTP
result window with warning status.
Handling item not found
error using Recovery Scenario Manager:
Step1:
Open new QTP test & record insert order operation.
Step2:
Specify invalid inputs for both Flight From & Flight To combobox.
Step3:
Goto->Recovery Scenario Manager->click new scenario, select Test run
error, then select “item in list or menu not found” under test run error, click
next
Step4:
Select keyboard/mouse operation, click next, select-> press or key
combination, place the cursor inside the textbox & press down(↓) arrow key
in keyboard then click next.
Step5:
Uncheck add another recovery operation, click next, select proceed to next step
as Post Recovery operation, click next.
Step6:
Specify the scenario name, check add scenario to current test checkbox, click
finish, save the recovery scenario, Run the QTP Script.
NOTE:
During
Runtime QTP will not be able to select the item in “Fly From” combobox a we
have specified the invalid input, the error will be detected by RSM, which will
take the control & it will select the first item by pressing the down(↓)
arrow key as part of Recovery operation then control will be transferred to
next step a specified in Post Recovery operation.
The
same procedure will be repeated for ‘Fly to’ combobox also.
We
have more than 20 recovery scenarios created in webRecovery.qrs file which is
in following location: C:\Program files\HP\QTP\Recovery
Automation Framework:
It
is not just sufficient to convery manual test cases into Automation script, it
is also important to automate the test execution process which involves
following steps:
i.)
Launch QTP.
ii.)
Open required script.
iii.)
Run the test script.
iv.)
Get the result.
v.)
Close the QTP.
NOTE:
For
mutiple test scripts step number ii.), iii.) & iv.) will be repeated in a
loop.
In
automation, framework is a structured procedure or standard which is followed
to automate the above mentioned test script execution process.
In
order to automate QTP itself, we can take the information present in the
following help
document:START->Programs->QTP->Documentation->QuickTestAutomation->
-Reference->ObjectModelDiagram
Eg:
VBScript to launch QTP & nexecute multiple test scripts:
Set
QTP=create object(“QuickTest.Application”)
QTP.Launch
QTP.visible=True
For
i=1 to 3
QTP.open “D:\Framework\Test”&i
QTP.Test.Run
Res=QTP.Test.LastRunResults.Status
msgbox Res
Next
QTP.Quit
NOTE:
Even
though the above VBScript will automatically open the QTP & run multiple
test scripts, it has got following disadvantages:
i.)
Script will work only iff name name of
the QTP is in sequential order.
ii.)
Msgbox statement requires manual
intervention.
In
order to solve these problems we can take the help of “excel file”.
Content
of RunMe.vbs
Set
QTP=create object(“QuickTest.Application”)
QTP.Launch
Set
xl=createobject(“excel.application”)
Set
wb=xl.workbooks.open(“D:\Framework\TestSet.xlsx”)
Set
ws=wb.worksheets(1)
Rc=ws.usedrange.rows.count
For
i=2 to rc
TestName=ws.cells(i,1).value
QTP.open “D:\Framework\”&TestName
QTP.Test.Run
Res=QTP.Test.LastRunResults.Status
ws.cells(i,2).value=Res
Next
wb.save
wb.close
xl.quit
QTP.quit
TestSet.xlsx
Before
Execution After
Execution
Folder Structure:
D:\Framework
NOTE:
We
execute this framework by double clicking on RunMe.vbs which does following
steps:
Step1:
Launches the QTP.
Step2:
Opens TestSet.xlsx file & goes to First sheet.
Step3:
Counts the number of Active Rows.
Step4:
For each Active Row, it takes the testname present in first column, opens it in
QTP, Runs it & gets the result, which will be written into corresponding
second column.
Step5:
After executing all the scripts, it will save the excel, close the excel &
close the QTP.
In
this framework, we are executing all the scripts one after the other in
sequential order, hence it is called as ”Linear Automation Framework”, which is
best suitable for performing “Full Regression Testing”.
Flow diagram of Linear
Automation Framework
Modular Driven
Automation Framework
Process
of executing the script based on specified modules is called as ~.
Q.) WAS to display Time
stamp(formatted current system date & time)
A.)
TS1=Replace(now,"/","_")
TS2=Replace(TS1,":","_")
msgbox
TS2
Content
of RunMe.vbs of Modular Driven
Automation Framework
Set
QTP=CreateObject(“QuickTest.Application”)
QTP.Launch
Set
xl=CreateObject(“excel.application”)
Set
wb=xl.workbooks.open(“D:\Framework\Testset.xlsx”)
Call
ModuleDriver(“Project”)
Call
ModuleDriver(“Customer”)
TS1=Replace(now,"/","_")
TS2=Replace(TS1,":","_")
Wb.saveas
“D:\Framework\Results\”&TS2
Wb.close
xl.quit
QTP.close
Function
ModuleDriver(ModuleName)
Set
ws=wb.worksheets(ModuleName)
Rc=ws.usedrange.rows.count
For
i=2 to rc
TestName=ws.cells(i,1).value
QTP.Open
“D:\Framework\”&TestName
QTP.Test.Run
Res=QTP.Test.LastRunResults.Status
Ws.cells(i,2).value=Res
Next
End
Function
Flow Diagram of M D A Fw
Pp
Folder Structure of M D
A Fw:
D:\Framework
Contents of
TestSet.xlsx
Description:
We
run the framework by double clicking on RunMe.vbs which does the following
steps:
1. Launches
QTP.
2. Opens
TestSet excel file.
3. Calls
the Module Driver.
4. Saves
the results with Time stamp.
5. Closes
the excel & QTP.
Module Driver
When
the runme calls “Module Driver” by passing required module name a argument it
does the following steps:
1. It
goes to specified module sheet.
2. Counts
the number of Active rows.
3. For
each Active rows it takes the test name present in first column, opens it in
QTP, runs it & gets the result which will be written into Second column of
corresponding testname.
Converting Manual Test
Case into Automation Scripts:- BEST PRACTICE
In
order to convert manual test case into automation script, we have to follow the
following steps
1. Read
all the manual test cases & choose the test cases which we can automate.
2. Identify
repetitive steps, convert them into functions.
3. Write
the Scripts as per manual test case steps by calling the functions.
4. Data
drive the test script if required.
5. Send
it for review & fix any given review comment.
6. Send
it for approval & store it in test case repository after the approval.
Test Case which we
can’t Automate:
The
test case should not contain any manual interventions.
Eg: barcode scanner
Biometric
scanner
Credit
card swipe machine
Entering
cvv number
Otp(One
time passwd) generator
Printing
& scanning
Tool
limitations.
Eg:
captcha image
Animation
Any
flash object
Verification
of videos & audios file
Verification
of graphs & charts
Virtual
keyboard(Login page)
Q.) How do you choose
test case for automation?
A.)
For automation we choose only regression test case which donot have any manual
intervention & tool can recognize those objects.
NOTE:
Since
regression testing is monotonous & time consuming, we automate only
regression test cases. It can be functional, integration or system.
Automation
testing will always support manual testing
& speed up the entire testing process & it can’t replace the
manual test process.
Creating Functions:
After
choosing the test cases to be automated we have to execute them atleast once
manually which gives more clarity on the test case. After the execution we have
to identify the repetitive steps & convert them into function.
NOTE:
We
can also use reusable actions but performance wise functions are better than
actions.
Sample Test Cases:
TestCase1
|
TestCase2
|
TestCase3
|
TestCase4
|
TestCase5
|
Login
|
Login
|
Login
|
Login
|
Login
|
GotoCustomerCreationPage
|
GotoProjectCreationPage
|
GotoCustomerCreationPage
|
|
GotoCustomerCreationPage
|
CreateCustomer
|
CreateProject
|
|
|
|
VerifySuccessMsg
|
VerifySuccessMsg
|
VerifySuccessMsg
For Each Customer
|
VerifySuccessMsg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Logout
|
Logout
|
Logout
|
Logout
|
Logout
|
With
respect to above Test Cases we have following repetitive steps(functions)
1. Login
2. GotoCustomerCreationPage
3. GotoProjectCreationPage
4. CreateCustomer
5. CreateProject
6. VerifySuccessMsg
7. Logout
Function
GotoCreateCustomerPage()
With Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.Link(“name:=Projects&Customers”).Click
.WebButton(“name:=AddNewCustomer”).Click
End With
End
Function
Function
GotoCreateProjectPage()
With
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.Link(“name:=Projects&Customers”).Click
.WebButton(“name:=AddNewProject”).Click
End With
End
Function
Function
CreateProject(CN,PN,PD,PRB)
With
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.WebList(“name:=CustomerId”).Select CN
.WebEdit(“name:=name”).Set PN
.WebEdit(“name:=description”).Set PD
.WebRadioGroup(“name:=afterCreateAction”).Select
PRB
.WebButton(“name:=CreateProject”).Click
End With
End
Function
Function
Logout()
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”)
.Image(“alt:=logout”).Click
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Close
End
Function
Function Library
Functions
present inside the Action are called as local functions which can be accessible
only within the same action. In order to call the function by different actions
& different test, we must place those functions in function library which
are called as global functions.
Test1
Action1
|
Function
ABC()
|
End
Function
|
Call
ABC()
|
Action2
|
Call
ABC()
|
Steps to Create
Function Library:
1.
Goto->File->New->Function
Library(Shift+Alt+N)
2.
Write the Function code inside the
function library.
3.
Save the function library at the
required location(Ctrl+S)
NOTE:
QTP
supports following three formats of function library:
i.)
.qfl -> QTP function library.
ii.)
.vbs -> Visual basic scripting.
iii.)
.txt -> text file.
Steps
to associate function library:
Open->New QTP test,
Goto->File->Settings->Resources->Click on add(+) & click
browse, select the required function library, click open then click apply &
OK.
NOTE:
For
every test we should separately associate the function library, In order to
make the library as default click on set as default button.
Test Associate
Action1
|
Call
ABC()
|
Action2
|
Call
ABC()
|
Function
ABC() …………………………
…………………………
End
Function
|
Library1.qfl
Goto-> framework
folder->open TestSet.xlsx->remove all the rows except the first row &
save the excel file & close.
If there are any old scripts(unwanted) delete
them.
Goto-> results
folder-> delete all the old results.
NOTE:
Ensure
that path present in RunMe.vbs is uptodate.
Create a text file
inside the framework with the name “library.txt” & copy-paste all the
functions which are written inside the Action(all the seven functions)
NOTE:
The
above step should be done only once & it should contain only three files
& one folder:
i.)
RunMe.vbs
ii.)
TestSet.xlsx
iii.)
Library.txt
iv.)
Results folder
Steps
to Write Automation Script:
1.
Open->QTP & associate the above
created function library with the test.
2.
Call the function present in function
library as per manual test case step.
3.
Save the QTP script inside the framework
folder.
4.
Enter the newly created script name into
TestSet.xlsx
Automation
Script For TestCase1:
Call
Login(“admin”,”manger”)
Call
GotoCreateCustomerPage()
Call
CreateCustomer(“CustomerA”,”DescA”,”#1”)
Call
VerifySuccessMsg()
Call
Logout()
Call
Login(“admin”,”manger”)
Call
GotoCreateProjectPage()
Call
CreateProject(“CustomerA”,”Project”,”DescA”,”#0”)
Call
VerifySuccessMsg()
Call
Logout()
Call
Login(“admin”,”manger”)
Call
GotoCreateCustomerPage()
Call
CreateCustomer(“CustomerB”,”DescB”,”#1”)
Call
VerifySuccessMsg()
Call
CreateProject(“CustomerB”,”Project”,”DescB”,”#0”)
Call
VerifySuccessMsg()
Call
Logout()
‘PreCondition:
TestIteration “Run one Iteration only”
Call
Login(“admin”,”manager”)
Call
GotoCreateCustomerPage()
Rc=DataTable.GetRowCount
For
i=1 to Rc
DataTable.SetCurrentRow i
CN=DataTable(“CN”)
CD=DataTable(“CD”)
CRB=DataTable(“CRB”)
Call CreateCustomer(CN,CD,CRB)
Call VerifySuccessMsg()
Next
Call
Logout()
Content of data Table
|
CN
|
CD
|
CRB
|
1
|
C1
|
D1
|
#2
|
2
|
C2
|
D2
|
#2
|
3
|
C3
|
D3
|
#2
|
4
|
|
|
|
Automation
Script For Multiple Projects:
Call
Login(“admin”,”manager”)
Call
GotoCreateProjectPage()
Rc=DataTable.GetRowCount
For
i=1 to Rc
DataTable.SetCurrentRow i
CN=DataTable(“CN”)
PN=DataTable(“PN”)
CD=DataTable(“CD”)
PRB=DataTable(“PRB”)
Call CreateCustomer(CN,PN,CD,CRB)
Call VerifySuccessMsg()
Next
Call
Logout()
Content of data Table
|
CN
|
PN
|
PD
|
PRB
|
1
|
C1
|
P1
|
D1
|
#2
|
2
|
C2
|
P2
|
D2
|
#2
|
3
|
C3
|
P3
|
D3
|
#2
|
Flow Diagram of Hybrid
Automation Framework
Q.)
What is function driven automation framework?
A.)
Process of executing the script by calling the function present in function
library is called as ~ or function driven testing.
Q.)
What is data driven automation framework?
A.)
Process of executing the script by taking the dat from data table is called as
data driven testing or ~.
Q.)
What is hybrid driven automation framework & why do we go for it?
A.)
Combination of two or more frameworks is called as hybrid automation framework.
To
get the advantages of multiple frameworks we go for hybrid automation
framework.
Q.)
How do you capture the QTP test environment information?(for compatibility)
A.)
In order to capture QTP test environment information we can take the help of
environment variable available in the following location.
File->
Settings-> Environment.
Eg:
OS=Environment(“OS”)
OSv=Environment(“OSVersion”)
LHN=Environment(“LocalHostName”)
UN=Environment(“UserName”)
QTP=Environment(“ProductVer”)
Reporter.ReportEvent
micDone,”OS”,OS&vblf&OSv
Reporter.ReportEvent
micDone,”CompName”,LHN
Reporter.ReportEvent
micDone,”User”,UN
Reporter.ReportEvent
micDone,”QTP”,QTP
Q.)
How do you open three orders randomly?
A.)
Using RandomNumber
For
i=1 to 3
N=RandomNumber(1,10) ‘generates a
num randomly b/w 1 to 10
Call OpenOrder(N)
Next
Q.)
There are two browsers open,WAS for closing newly opened browser?
A.)
Browser(“title:=acti.*”,”CreationTime:=1”).Close
Q.)
WAS to close first browser?(or older Browser)
A.)
Browser(“title:=acti.*”,”CreationTime:=0”).Close
Q.)
WAS to close middle browser out of three?
A.)
Browser(“title:=acti.*”,”Location:=1”).Close
Q.)
WAS to close all the notepad?
A.)
SystemUtil.CloseProcessByName “notepad.exe”
Q.)
How do you take the data present in external excel file into data table?
A.)
We can take help of “ImportSheet” method available under datatable.
Eg:
DataTable.ImportSheet
“D;\book1.xls”,”Sheet1”,”Action1”
‘Note:
ImportSheet works for xls & not xlsx.
‘Data
imported are temporary, which we can see in RunTime DataTable Present in Result
‘window.
Keyword Driven
Automation Framework
Process
of executing the script by taking the keyword script by taking the keyword
present in keyword Table
Content of Keyword
Driver(QTP Script)
For
j=1 to 2
TestName =”Test”&j
Call ExecuteKeywords(TestName)
Next
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Close
Function
ExecuteKeywords(TestName)
DataTable.ImportSheet
“D:\KeywordTable.xls”,TestName,”Action1”
Rc=DataTable.LocalSheet.GetRowCount
For
i=1 to rc
DataTable.SetCurrentRow i
ObjType=DataTable(“ObjType”,dtLocalSheet)
PptVal=DataTable(“PptVal”,dtLocalSheet)
Select
Case ObjType
Case
“WebEdit”
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).WebEdit(PptVal).Set
Input
Case
“WebButton”
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).
WebButton(PptVal).Click
Case
“Link”
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).Link(PptVal).Click
Case
“Image”
Browser(“title:=acti.*”).Page(“title:=acti.*”).Image(PptVal).Click
End
Select
Next
End
Function
OT
|
PV
|
Input
|
WebEdit
|
n:=V
|
admin
|
WebButton
|
n:=L
|
|
|
|
|
QTP Run
Contents of
KeyWordTable.xls
Convert Keywords to
Scripts
Browser().PageOT(PV).Method
Input
|
|
A
|
B
|
B
|
1
|
ObjType
|
PptVal
|
Input
|
2
|
WebEdit
|
name:=username
|
admin
|
3
|
WebEdit
|
name:=Login
now
|
manager
|
4
|
WebButton
|
name:=Logout
|
|
5
|
Image
|
alt:=Logout
|
|
Q.)
Why QTP is called as Advanced Keyword Driven Testing Tool.?
A.)
The keyword view of QTP is similar to keyword table of keyword driven framework
with user friendly features such as selecting the object from features such as
selecting the object from dropdown, graphical representation of the
object(icons) and autogenerated documentation, because of this QTP is called as
~.
